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Hardware

Humanoid Robot Hardware Stack

Fifteen hardware and control layers are illustrated with documented robot examples. Stage order is explanatory, not a cost share.

Source observations through 2026-07-31. Analysis revised separately.Open all humanoid data charts

Data summary

What is included

Fifteen hardware and control layers are illustrated with documented robot examples. Stage order is explanatory, not a cost share.

Visible rows

15

Dataset scope

TechniaHQRobot source-linked dataset

Interactive infographic

Humanoid Robot Hardware Stack

Fifteen hardware and control layers are illustrated with documented robot examples. Stage order is explanatory, not a cost share.

  1. Mechanical structure

    Example
    Figure 03 vertically integrated robot structure and exterior architecture

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  2. Joints

    Example
    Fourier GR-2 publishes a 53-joint configuration

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  3. Motors

    Example
    Unitree G1 uses permanent-magnet synchronous joint motors

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  4. Transmissions

    Example
    Unitree product documentation describes joint drive assemblies and reduction systems

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  5. Hands

    Example
    Figure 03 uses five-finger hands with fingertip tactile sensing

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  6. Feet

    Example
    PAL TALOS documents ankle force-torque sensing and biped feet

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  7. Sensors

    Example
    Unitree G1 lists a depth camera, 3D LiDAR and joint encoders

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  8. Onboard compute

    Example
    Unitree G1 supports an eight-core CPU and optional NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX compute

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  9. Battery

    Example
    Fourier GR-3 documents a 702 Wh plus 234 Wh battery system with hot swapping

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  10. Cooling

    Example
    Unitree G1 documents local air cooling for joint motors

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  11. Network

    Example
    Unitree G1 lists Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.2

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  12. Safety

    Example
    Agility Digit product material documents safety-rated controls and emergency-stop architecture

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  13. Low-level software

    Example
    PAL TALOS exposes real-time EtherCAT-based control interfaces

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  14. Control

    Example
    Figure Helix 02 combines visual, tactile and proprioceptive feedback for full-body control

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

  15. Embedded intelligence

    Example
    Figure Helix runs onboard perception and action policies for Figure 03

    No cost share is assigned.

    Read source ↗

Accessible data table

The table contains the same source-linked records used by the chart. It is the reference when labels overlap or a visual scale compresses values.

Source-linked data used in the infographic
Hardware or software layerOrderDocumented component countCost shareStatusEvidenceSource
Mechanical structure1Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFigure 03 official introductionChecked 2026-07-31
Joints2Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFourier GR-2 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Motors3Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Transmissions4Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Hands5Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFigure Helix 02 official technical articleChecked 2026-07-31
Feet6Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationPAL Robotics TALOS official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Sensors7Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Onboard compute8Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Battery9Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFourier GR-3 official specificationsChecked 2026-07-31
Cooling10Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Network11Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationUnitree G1 official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Safety12Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationAgility Robotics Digit solutions pageChecked 2026-07-31
Low-level software13Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationPAL Robotics TALOS official product pageChecked 2026-07-31
Control14Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFigure Helix 02 official technical articleChecked 2026-07-31
Embedded intelligence15Not publicly disclosedNot publicly disclosedsource-backed-architectureOfficial specificationFigure Helix 02 official technical articleChecked 2026-07-31

Methodology

How the dataset is built

The diagram shows layers supported by official product or technical sources. It does not estimate cost share or component quantity. Examples demonstrate that the layer exists; they do not imply the same architecture across all humanoids.

Editorial analysis

Follow a command through the robot

A task decision passes through control software to actuators and mechanical structures. Sensors return information about the robot and its surroundings. Power, cooling and communications support that loop. The architecture separates these roles so their dependencies are easier to inspect.

Examples come from different platforms

The rows use manufacturer examples to explain each layer. They do not describe the bill of materials of a single composite robot. A feature shown for one platform should not be assumed to exist on every robot named elsewhere in the table.

Costs need a different dataset

A layer’s position or visible size says nothing about its share of manufacturing cost. Component quantities and prices are unrecorded here. Estimating a bill of materials would also require configuration, supplier terms and production volume.

Frequently asked questions

Does the diagram represent one robot’s exact internals?

No. It is an explanatory architecture with examples drawn from several documented platforms.

Sources

Related humanoid infographics

Robot Mass vs PayloadDegrees of Freedom by Body RegionHumanoid Robot Sensor StackHumanoid Hand and Gripper Architecture

Continue with the source-linked humanoid catalog

Open individual robot records for manufacturer, origin, dimensions, availability, public price status and official product links.

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